Ballet Folklórico emerged in Mexico in the mid-20th century, shortly after the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920), during a period of renewed interest in national identity and cultural pride. The most influential figure in its development was Amalia Hernández, who founded the Ballet Folklórico de México in 1952. Her company, based at the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City, helped bring regional folk dances from rural communities to national and international stages.

Hernández adapted traditional dances—once performed in local festivals and rituals—into theatrical presentations while preserving their core movements, music, and cultural meanings. Through international tours, Ballet Folklórico became a global symbol of Mexican culture.